LibGuides: US Literature: The Legacy of Slavery in the United States

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The Criminal Justice System and POC

Incarceration Trends in California, from The Vera Institute of Justice
Current incarcerations rates for both CA jails and prisons, through 2018.
"Black Disparities in Youth Incarceration," July 2021, Sentencing Project
Article with very current data on youth incarcerations rates
Racial Justice data, The Sentencing Project
Current data on incarceration rates by race, from the non-profit Sentencing Project.
Race and the Jury: Illegal Discrimination in Jury Selection, Equal Justice Initiative
"Sentencing and Prison Reform", Opposing Viewpoints (Gale)
2020 article detailing the impacts of mandatory sentences since 1984.

Death Penalty Statistics
Data from the Death Penalty Information Center. "The Death Penalty Information Center is a national non-profit organization serving the media and the public with analysis and information on issues concerning capital punishment."

Burning Down the House: the End of Juvenile Prison by Nell Bernstein
Call Number: 365.42 BER
ISBN: 9781595589569
Publication Date: 2014
Lucas Library owns this book both in print and as an electronic book. To access the e-book from a non-SH network, login using your SH Google ID .
Just Mercy: a Story of Justice and Redemption by Bryan Stevenson
Call Number: 353.48 STE
ISBN: 9780812994520
Publication Date: 2014
The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander; Cornel West (Introduction by)
Call Number: 364.97 ALE
ISBN: 9781595586438
Publication Date: 2012
A scholarly look at the rates and racial makeup of mass incarceration, and how former inmates convicted of a felony, who are disproportionately African American, are legally denied employment, housing, education, and public benefits for the rest of their lives.

Education and Race

Executive Order on White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans
Executive order signed by President Biden in October 2021. Includes an excellent overview of current educational inequities facing Black Americans as well as potential solutions.
Black Students in the Condition of Education 2020
A data rich overview of the state of education for Black Americans compiled by the National School Boards Association.
Black Minds Matter: Supporting the Educational Success of Black Children in California Report, 2015, The Education Trust-West
Research Starter: School to Prison Pipeline
The “school to prison pipeline” is a figure of speech used to describe the practice of public schools suspending and even expelling their more difficult problem students, most often students of color, who are then indirectly dumped into the criminal justice system
"The Problem We All Live With, Part One", July 2015, This American Life (NPR)
Podcast on school integration-desegregation, and its positive impacts on students of color

So You Want to Talk about Race by Ijeoma Oluo
Call Number: 305.8 OLU
ISBN: 9781580056779
Publication Date: 2018-01-16
Chapter 8: What is the School to Prison Pipeline
Chapter: The Soft Bigotry of Low Expectations by Nadra Nittle
ISBN: 9781978504660
Publication Date: 2018-12-15

Your Audience: Starting Links for Who to Write Your Letter To

California State Government

California State Government Website
Homepage with links to the three branches of CA government, plus state agencies

Federal Government

Executive Branch
Legislative Branch (Congress)
Judicial Branch

Branches of the US Federal Government
Website of the US Government with links to all three federal branches and all US Government agencies.

Local Government

Bay Area Counties

National Political Parties

The Media

Organizations

Non-profit organizations-NGOs
Religious-Faith Communities (local parish, synagogue, mosque)
Professional Organizations (e.g Am. Medical Association, Realtors' organizations, Sports organizations, Teachers' unions, etc.)

Change.org

Health, the Environment and Race

Housing and Race

America's Housing Inequality and the Racial Wealth Divide
Analysis of the wealth gap between black and white households due to housing inequities
HOUSING HARDSHIPS DURING COVID-19 Disparities Increased by Race/Ethnicity and Homeowner Status, Report, Sept. 2021, Washington University of St. Louis
The Case for Reparations
The ground breaking article by Ta Nehisi-Coates that highlights the efforts of the Contract Buyers League of Chicago to recover the homes they paid for but did not own because of predatory real estate practices.
Modern-day redlining: How banks block people of color from homeownership
Chicago Tribune article
Reveal - Investigative Reporting Housing Articles
Articles on contemporary discriminatory housing practices
Housing inequality gets worse as the COVID-19 pandemic is prolonged
5 policy solutions to advance racial equity in housing
Habitat for Humanity

The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein
Call Number: 305.8 ROT
ISBN: 9781631492853
Publication Date: 2017-05-02
Details how federal housing policies in the 1940s and '50s mandated segregation and undermined the ability of black families to own homes and build wealth.
Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership by Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor
Call Number: 741.59 TAY
ISBN: 9781469663883
Publication Date: 2021

Media and Race

"Black Sitcoms and Racial Stereotypes", African American Experience (ABC-CLIO)
"Diversity in Entertainment", 2021, Global Issues (Gale)
"Filmmakers with a Focus on Justice", 2020, New York Times
Interviews with four African American filmmakers whose films focus on social justice
"Meet the (Black) Press: What Black Newspapers Can Teach the Mainstream Media", 1998, Washington Monthly
"Black Newspapers Offer a Needed Voice", 2007, Opposing Viewpoints (Gale)
"US Opinions on Racial Diversity in Advertisements," June 2020, Opposing Viewpoints (Gale)

Race and News: Critical Perspectives by Rockell A. Brown; Christopher P. Campbell; Kim M. LeDuff; Cheryl D. Jenkins
ISBN: 9780203876855
Publication Date: 2013
"The history of American journalism is marked by disturbing representations of people and communities of color, from the disgraceful stereotypes of pre-civil rights America, to the more subtle myths that are reflected in routine coverage by journalists all over the country. Race and News: Critical Perspectives aims to examine these journalistic representations of race, and in doing so to question whether or not we are living in a post-racial world."

Microaggressions

Racial Microaggressions: The Everyday Assault
An overview of microaggressions and their impact from the American Psychiatric Association
Chronicle of Higher Education's "Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life"
A chart of microaggressions grouped by theme and intended messages
Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life
Seminal academic journal article by Derald Wing Sue
Racial and Gender Microaggressions on a Predominantly White Campus
Academic article about microaggressions across a spectrum of students
How to Respond to Microaggressions
Popular New York Times article with actionable advice
This Is the Casual Racism That I Face at My Elite High School
Unexpectedly, the school did something about it.

So You Want to Talk about Race by Ijeoma Oluo
Call Number: 305.8 OLU
ISBN: 9781580056779
Publication Date: 2018-01-16
Chapter 12: What Are Microaggressions?
Recognizing Microaggressions by Nadra Nittle
ISBN: 9781978504660
Publication Date: 2018-12-15

Wealth Gap

Examining the Black-White Wealth Gap
The Brookings Institute
The Color of Money: Black Banks and the Racial Wealth Gap
Introduction to a book on the racial wealth gap in the US
Reparations Needed to Close the Racial Wealth Gap
New York Times editorial
Black Millennials and the Racial Wealth Gap
An interview with Mel Jones, a journalist who writes about the persistent wealth gap in the US.
Wealth inequality has widened along racial, ethnic lines since end of Great Recession
Pew Research article
Disparities in Wealth by Race and Ethnicity in the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances
Overview by the Federal Reserve
Ten Solutions to Bridge the Racial Wealth Divide

Policing and POC

"Police-Minority Relations", African American Experience (ABC-CLIO)
Overview article looks at the history and current status of minority communities and the police.
Racial Profiling: Are Minorities Unfairly Targeted by Police?, CQ Researcher Report, Nov. 2013
"Racial Profiling", African American Experience (ABC-CLIO)
Criminal Justice Fact Sheet, 2021, NAACP
Overview and data on the history of policing in America, racial profiling, effects of policing on mental health, corrections (prisons) policies, and penal labor. From the National Association of Colored People (NAACP)
Police Under Scrutiny, CQ Reseacher Report, Oct. 2020
"Americans' Opinions about Police Officers in Their Community and Nationwide", 2020, Opposing Viewpoints (Gale)
Graph with data by age; race and ethnicity; and political affiliation
"Internal Affairs", 2017, Psychology Today
"In an effort to combat police mistreatment of minorities, law enforcement officers have embraced the science of implicit bias. But what do such studies--and related training programs--really reveal?"
George Floyd painting, Constance Brantley

"In(di)visible", painting of George Floyd by Constance Brantley

Racial Stereotyping

"American Society Teaches Everyone to be Racist...", Global Issues (Gale)
"Stereotype", Global Issues (Gale)
Overview article on how humans stereotype others, and the impacts of stereotyping
"Stereotype Threat", 2008, Global Issues (Gale)
"Stereotype threat is a term... that refers to the fear people experience when they are at risk of confirming a negative stereotype that is held about their group. This psychological threat can undermine successful performance of tasks and activities."
"The Labels We Carry" (short video on stereotyping and stereotype threat)

"How Blackface Feeds White Supremacy", 2019, Global Issues (Gale)
"Racial Stereotypes Create Barriers in Sports", African American Experience (ABC-CLIO)
"Research Confirms that Black Girls Feel the Sting of Adultification Bias Identified in Earlier Georgetown Law Study", 2019, Georgetown University
Article summarizing the findings of the report, "Listening to Black Women and Girls: Lived Experiences of Adultification Bias", 2019.
"Listening to Black Women and Girls", 2020, Jamilia Blake and Rebecca Epstein, Georgetown Law Center on Poverty and Inequality
"Our goal was to measure participants’ responses to our adultification findings [in previous report] by asking them about their real-world observations and seeking their insights about solutions to overcome this bias... they suggested several related factors that contribute to that bias, including the role played by negative stereotypes of Black women, as well as racism, sexism, and poverty."
Unconscious Bias Training That Works
A recent Harvard Business Review article that argues increasing awareness is not enough.

Biased: uncovering the hidden prejudice that shapes what we see, think, and do by Jennifer L. Eberhardt
Call Number: 303.38 EBE
ISBN: 9780735224933
Publication Date: 2019

Reparations

Reparations for Slavery, CQ Researcher Report, Aug. 2019
Slavery Reparations, Opposing Viewpoints (Gale)
Overview article, other articles, websites, statistics on this topic
The Case for Reparations by Ta-Nehisi Coates
"Evanston, Ill., approves nation's first reparations program for Black residents", March 2021, Washington Post
"Evanston, Ill., approved 'reparations.' Except it isn't reparations," March 2021, Washington Post
"Reparations Needed to Close the Racial Wealth Gap", Sept. 2021, New York Times
New York Times editorial

Long Overdue: The Politics of Racial Reparations by Charles P. Henry
Call Number: 323.1 HEN
ISBN: 9780814737415
Publication Date: 2009

Voting

Voting Rights: Is Faith in US Democracy Eroding
A Congressional Quarterly Report on the state of Voting Rights in the US today.
50 Years Later, Voting Rights Act Under Unprecedented Assault
Brennan Center for Justice
John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act
An act currently before Congress aimed at preventing voter disenfranchisement

You Call This Democracy? by Elizabeth Rusch
Call Number: 320.97 RUS
ISBN: 9780358387428
Publication Date: 2020-03-31
Chapter 2: Strange Maps
Chapter 6: Suppressing the Vote
Fault Lines in the Constitution by Cynthia Levinson; Sanford Levinson
Call Number: 342.73 LEV
ISBN: 9781682631058
Publication Date: 2019-08-01
Chapter 5: How to Cherry-pick Voters / Gerrymandering
Chapter 8: Who Can Vote? how Do You Know? / Voting Rights
One Person, No Vote by Carol Anderson; Dick Durbin (Foreword by)
Call Number: 324.62 AND
ISBN: 9781635571370
Publication Date: 2018-12-13